Notes

Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis

Tenderness and ulceration of ear helix or antihelix due to chronic pressure on the ear Elderly Treatment → Pressure avoidance

Dumping Syndrome

Rapid emptying of stomach Diarrhea Postprandial HYPOGLYCEMIA

Obstetrics Times

Prenatal Care First Trimester → Visit every 4 weeks First visit Many tests 9-14 weeks First trimester genetic screening Ultrasound Confirm gestational age Nuchal translucency (↑ in Down Syndrome) PAPP-A (Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A) hCG ± Chorionic villus sampling (10-13w) Second Trimester → Visit every 4 weeks 15-20 weeks Triple/Quad test ± Amniocentesis (11-14w) 16-20...

Antibiotic treatment

Empiric Ob/Gyn GBS prophylaxis → Ampicillin Allergic → Erythromycin Postpartum endometritis → Clinda + Genta Mastatis → Oxacillin or cephalexin → Continue feeding PID Inpatient → Cefoxitin/Cefotetan + Doxy Outpatient → Ceftria + Doxy + Metro Tampon TSS → Clinda + Vanco Vaginitis Candida -> Miconazol Bacterial vaginosis → Metro/Clinda...

Bias

Bias Subject → Stop with single blinding Howthorne → Subjects change behavior when observed Recall → Sick patients remember more Reporting → Subjects don’t report due to culture Researcher Selection Attrition → lost to follow up Ascertainment → Sample not representative of population Berkson → Sample from hospital Prevalence bias...

Study Design

Clinical Studies Experimental → Have intervention Open labeled Single blind Double blind Observational → No intervention With comparison Longitudinal Case-control Cohort No comparison Case report Case series Cross-sectional

Confidence Interval

Diagnostic Tests

Sensitivity Specificity Positive Predictive Value Negative Predictive Value

Hypothesis Testing

Null Hypothesis P Value → Is always compared to Alpha (0.05) 1-Alpha → Confidence Interval Alpha → Type 1 Error Beta → Type 2 Error 1-Beta → Power

Risk

Relative Risk Odds Ratio Absolute Risk Reduction → Number needed to Treat Attributable Risk → Number needed to Harm Relative Risk Reduction

Other Infections

Cysticercosis Farmer Uncooked pork meat Tinea solium Neurocysticercosis Don’t confuse with: Cryptococcus → HIV Meningitis Cryptosporidium → HIV Diarrhea, Watery diarrhea Coccidioidomycosis → Pneumonia Cutaneous Larva Migrans Walking barefoot in beach Hookworm Pruritic red tracks on foot Ivermectin Sporotricosis Decaying vegetation → Fungus Pustules → Nonpurulent discharge Follow lymphatics...

Infectious Mononucleosis

Etiology EBV Young adults Saliva exchange Presentation Fever Pharyngitis Fatigue → Persists 3-6 months LAP Posterior cervical Generalized Tonsillar exudate Palatal petechia Generalized maculopapular rash Splenomegaly Bilateral upper eyelid edema 2-5w after infection Diagnosis Best initial → Heterophil Ab (Monospot) Negative FIRST week If ⊖ → EBV-specific Ab If...