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Notes
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
IMMUNO- DEFICIENCY Cellular Humoral Combined Adaptive T Cell DiGeorge IL-12 receptor Chronic MC Candidiasis B Cell Bruton’s XLA CVID IgA Deficiency Hyper IgM T Cell + B Cell Wiscott Aldrich Ataxia Telangectasia SCID Innate Macrophage/NK (Phagocytosis) CGD LAD Chediac Higashi Job Syndrome Complement Hereditary Angioedema C5-9 MAC Attack ADAPTIVE...
Read moreBreast Disorders
Breast Mass Approach Return after menstruation ↓ in size → Fibrocystic changes No change <35y → U/S Clear fluid → FNA Relieved → Follow-up q 3m Not completely gone → Excisional biopsy Bloody fluid → Excisional biopsy Mass → Excisional biopsy >35 → Mammography/core or excisional biopsy Not Proliferative...
Read moreUnconsciousness
Locked-In Syndrome Persistent Vegetative State Coma Brain Death Alertness Wakeful Aware Retained cognition Wakeful NOT aware Eyes open and close Sleep/wake cycle present Unconscious Eyes closed NO sleep/wake cycle Unconscious Eyes closed NO sleep/wake cycle Voluntary Motor ability Eyes and eyelids ✖︎ ✖︎ ✖︎ Respiratory Drive ✓ ✓ ✓...
Read morePostpartum Infection
Definition Temperature ≥38℃ Day 2-10 postpartum ≥2 days Etiology The 7 W’s Womb Endomyometritis Wind Atelectasis Pneumonia Water UTI Walk DVT Pulmonary embolism Wound Incision Episiotomy Weaning Breast engorgement Abscess Mastitis Wonder drugs Drug fever Postpartum Endometritis Risk Factors Emergent C-section PROM Prolonged labor Multiple vaginal exams Intrauterine manipulation...
Read moreHyperemesis Gravidarum
Morning sickness past first trimester Due to ↑ hCG and ↑ Estradiol R/O Molar pregnancy Starvation, Ketonuria, Weight loss Treatment Vitamin B6 Doxilamine Promethazine/Dimenhydrinate Severe Metochlopramide Ondansetron Prochlorperazine Promethazine IM Treat dehydration
Read moreHorner Syndrome
Triad Ptosis Miosis Anhidrosis Sympathetic denervation of face Spinal cord lesion above T1 Pancoast tumor Brown-Sequard syndrome Syringomyelia Any interruption in the path
Read moreCranial Nerves
Olfactory Sensory → Smelling Optic Sensory → Vision Oculomotor Motor Eye movement Medial rectus Superior rectus Interior rectus Inferior oblique Levator palpebrae Pupillary constriction (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) Accommodation Trochlear Motor → Superior oblique Trigeminal Sensory Tongue anterior 2/3 sensation Face sensation Motor Mastication Abducence Motor → Lateral Rectus Facial Sensory...
Read moreAphasia
Broca Aphasia Motor aphasia Intact comprehension Telegraphic words No repetition Arm/face hemiparesis and hemisensory loss Left Posterior inferior frontal lobe Left superior MCA Wernike Aphasia Sensory aphasia Impaired comprehension Lack of awareness Word salad No repetition Left Posterior superior temporal lobe Left posterior/inferior MCA
Read moreCavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Etiology Septic thrombosis sue to S. aureus infection of head and neck Presentation Headache Fever Orbital pain Visual disturbance Later → Mental status changes Diagnosis Best initial → MRI with gadolinium or CT angiography ↑WBC Blood culture Complications Confusion Sepsis Treatment Best initial → Aggressive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotic...
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