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DNA Viruses
Gram Negative
Legionella pneumophila
Gram negative rod, Facultative intercelullar (inside alveolar macrophages) Virulence Capsule, Motile (flagellum+fimbria), Hemolysin Cytotoxin → Kills hamster ovary cells Epidemiology → Water environments, A/C, Cooling tower, mist in grocery store Clinic Pontiac fever → Headache, fever, myalgia, fatigue Legionnaire’s Disease Pneumonia with consolidation, fever, cough ↓ HR, diarrhea, ↓...
Read moreBordetella pertusis
Gram negative cocobacili, Capsule ⨁ , β-lactamase ⨁ Respiratory rout Infants < 1 year Adults Toxins Pertussis Toxin → ↑cAMP: ↑ Histamin sensitivity ↑ Insulin ↑ Lymphocytes Extracellular Adenylate Cyslase → weakens WBCs Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA) → binding Tracheal Cytotoxin → kills ciliated epithelial cells Clinic Whooping cough Catarrhal...
Read moreGardnerella vaginalis
Gram Negative Cocobacili Virulence Virulence → No capsule, No exotoxin Clinic Bacterial Vaginals Pruritus, Dysuria, not painful Gray discharge → fishy smell Diagnosis Clue cells → Vaginal epithelia cells covered with bacteria Does not require factor V or X → hence is no longer a haemophilus Transmitted sexually, but is...
Read moreHemophilus ducrei
Gram negative cocobacili, STD, no Exotoxin Clinic Chancroid Painful genital ulcer → Purulent drainage, bleeds by sloughing Simultaneous unilateral painful LAP → bubose Diagnosis Gram stain/culture of ulcer/LAP exudates Requires factor X (hematin), but NOT factor V Treatment Azythromycin/Erythromycin, IM ceftriaxone, Cipro Because it is a heamophilus it requires...
Read moreHemophilus influenza
Gram negative cocobacilus, Obligate human parasite → Respiratory rout Virulence Capsule (6 types, b most important), pili, IgA protease Clinic Encapsulated Meningitis → 3 months to 3 years old ⇒ neurologic sequela Sepsis → asplenics Epiglottitis, Pneumonia , Arthritis (infants) Non-encapsulated → Otitis media, Sinusitis Diagnosis Culture → Charcoal agar...
Read morePasteurella multocida
Gram negative rod, NOT intracellular, facultative anaerobe, non-motile, capsule⨁ Epidemiology Nl flora of animals → especially cat mouth Cat/dog bite Clinic Wound infection after bite ⇒ bone/joint infection Diagnosis Standard culture Treatment Penicillin G Doxycycline 3rd generation Cephalosporin
Read moreBrucella
Gram negative rod, facultative intracellular, obligate aerobe, non-motile, capsule ⨁ Epidemiology Melitensis (goat), abortus (cow), suis (pig), canis (dog) Direct contact, unpasteurized milk Clinic Brucellosis → undulating fever (↑ in evening), weakness, loss of appetite Abortion in cows → tropism for erythritol in animal placenta Diagnosis Culture ⇒ BM...
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