Pulmonology

Cystic Fibrosis

Etiology Autosomal Recessive CFTR gene (Chromosome 7) Thick mucus Presentation <1y → Meconium ileus, Cough, Wheezing, Recurrent URI >1y → Pancreatic insufficiency → FTT Young adult Respiratory Chronic sinopulmonary disease Chronic lung disease Cough, sputum, hemoptysis, bronchiectasis, wheezing, dyspnea Recurrent infection Sinus pain Polyps GI History of Meconium ileus Pancreatic...

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Eosinophilic Pulmonary Syndromes

Eosinophilic Pulmonary Syndromes General Dyspnea, cough, blood-tinged sputum, fever Peripheral eosinophilia Pulmonary infiltrates Treat underlying cause Corticosteroids may help Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) Etiology Fungal antigens in bronchial tree Only in asthma patients History of atopic disorders Presentation Asthma history Atopy history Recurrent episodes of brown-flecked sputum + Transient...

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Bronchiectasis

Etiology Permanent anatomic abnormality → Dilated bronchi Most common cause → Cystic fibrosis (50%) Infection → TB, Pneumonia, Abscess Hypogammaglobulinemia, Immune deficiency Foreign body Tumor ABPA Collagen-Vascular disease RA Presentation Key → Recurrent episodes of high volume purulent sputum Hemoptysis Dyspnea Wheezing Weight loss Anemia of chronic disease Crackles NO clubbing...

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COPD

COPD Definition Appearance Nickname Acid-Base Chronic Bronchitis Productive cough >3m/year 2y Overweight Edematous Blue bloater Early Hypercapnia hypoxia Emphysema Terminal airway Obstruction Dilation Thin Wasted Pursed lips Minimal cough Pink puffer Late Hypercapnia Hypoxia Etiology Chronic Bronchitis Tobacco smoke Emphysema Tobacco smoke → Centrilobular Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency → Panlobular...

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Asthma

PND → First-gen antihistamine Reversible airway obstruction Etiology Unknown Family history Atopic disorders Obesity Exacerbation causes Allergens → Pollen, Dust mite, Cockroaches, Cat dunder Infection Cold air Emotional stress Exercise Catamenial → Related to menses Drugs → Aspirin, NSAID, Beta blocker, Histamine, Nebulized meds Tobacco smoke GERD Presentation Wheezing Acute onset SOB Cough...

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